New Trends and Challenges
in Green ICT
Prof Dr. Mohammad S. Obaidat
IEEE
Distinguished Speaker, Monmouth University, USA.
Abstract
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and Communication Technologies (ICT) play a vital role in modern days, touching almost all aspects of our lives.
Critical infrastructures and key resources (CIKR) including transportation
systems, energy, banking and financial institutions, water resources and dams,
chemical plants, postal and shipping systems, nuclear reactors, defense and
industrial base, commercial facilities, national monuments and icons, emergency
facilities and services, agriculture and food sector, hospitals and health
centers, among others, are all affected by and depend heavily on ICT. Due to
the heavy reliance of organizations and individuals on ICT technologies on a
daily basis, there has been an increasing demand for computing, communication,
networking, and storage systems. In order to meet these needs, state of the art
ICT infrastructures have been extended and scaled. This has brought the issues
of green computing and communication to the attention of various entities
including governments, research laboratories, academics, industry, business,
military and others. Issues such as energy expenditure, heat distribution,
greenhouse discharge and energy-aware design and operation have become hot
issues that require a lot of research and development efforts. Among the trends in green
ICT is virtualization in order to find ways to reduce the amount of dedicated
resources needed for an individual computer user. The non-stop increase in data
generation will require us to have more and more storage devices. Although
these devices are becoming less expensive, they still need power to operate
them and mechanisms to cool them. It is expected that providing applications
via mobile tools will continue growing rapidly. This will
entail more server capability and rise in the demand for computing power in
data centers. This is also a potential area for virtualization. Due to
virtualization and integration, data centers are now able to push more into a
rack. This has lead to an increase in the power consumption per square foot by
a factor of 10 or so. Cloud computing is becoming more and more popular as it
provides scalable and resilient IT-enabled resources using the Internet means. In addition to the trends
and challenges in green ICT, we will be presenting some of our related research
works. We propose a Dynamic Energy Efficient and Secure
Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Urban Environments, DEESR. A
decision is made by every node based on various parameters like longevity,
distance, and battery power, which measure the node and link quality to decide
the next hop in the route. This
ensures that the total load is distributed evenly while conserving the energy
of battery-constrained nodes. The protocol also maintains a trusted population
for each node through Dynamic Trust Factor (DTF), which ensures secure
communication in the environment by gradually isolating the malicious nodes. The
results obtained show that the proposed protocol when compared with other
energy efficient protocols such as the MMBCR and DSR gives far better results
in terms of energy efficiency. We
also introduce an Efficient
Reactive and Angular – Optimized Link State Routing (ERA-OLSR) for MANETs. It
is observed that ERA-OLSR performs better than both AODV and DSR in terms of
end-to-end delay and average energy consumed. ERA-OLSR is best suited for dense
scenarios. The simulation results obtained after implementing the proposed
protocol have shown that ERA-OLSR has better performance than both AODV and DSR
in terms of End-to-end delay and Average Energy Consumption. Other related
research efforts by our group will be presented.